State of the Realm

A comprehensive grid of important persons and their respective relationships.

The Grand Cast

An overview of current and past Valisthean affairs.

Situation Map

The State of the Realm.

The State of the Realm is a summary or events in Valisthea as collated by Vivian Ninetales in her study in Clive's hideaway. The player can use it to review the current state of affairs, as well as remind themselves of past events. The State of the Realm has two views: The Grand Cast and Situation Map:; both have the same summary of events, but the Grand Cast shows the character relationship diagram, whereas the Situation Map shows the map view with points of interest, as well as a box of what Clive Rosfield's party was doing at the time. Vivian updates the state of affairs as the player progresses through the story. Like in the Active Time Lore, events yet to be reviewed have a red circle in the top left corner.

See also: Journal, Active Time Lore, or Final Fantasy XVI timeline

List of events

Clicking on the characters on the Grand Cast map shows their Persons of Interest profiles up to that point in the story. Clicking on locations on the Situation Map brings up the Lay of the Land information on the locales.

Rosaria Marches

With the Blight pressing Rosaria's borders and forcing ever more citizens of the duchy from their homes, Archduke Elwin rallies his nation to take up arms against the Iron Kingdom and wrest Drake's Breath from their grasp. Yet tradition dictates they must first march north, to Phoenix Gate, to perform the Rite of Ancestral Communion.

Year of the Realm: 860

Following Clive

To Phoenix Gate via Stillwind

While his father and brother ride directly to Phoenix Gate, it falls to Clive, Tyler, and Wade to take the less-trodden path through the Stillwind Marshes and eradicate the mob of goblins that has taken up residence there, before joining his family and fellow Shields at the castle.

The Night of Flames

Acting in concert with the treacherous Duchess Anabella, imperial forces attack Phoenix Gate. From the chaos arise two Eikons of Fire—the fateful battle between them reducing all to ash.

Year of the Realm: 860

Following Clive

Taken Captive by the Empire

Clive does all in his power to save his brother and father from imperial infiltrators, but alas, it is not enough. The Phoenix awakens and runs rampant, and in the ensuing maelstrom, Clive blacks out. He is found in the rubble the next morning, and enslaved by the imperial army on his mother's orders.

Seized by Sanbreque

As soon as word of the deaths of Rosaria's leaders and Dominant reaches the Iron Islands, they invade, encountering little resistance on the road to Rosalith. Not to be outdone, Sanbreque launches an invasion of its own, driving the Crusaders from the shores of Storm and incorporating the duchy into the empire.

Year of the Realm: 860

Following Clive

Drafted into the Imperial Legions

Clive survives the tragedy of Phoenix Gate, only to be forcibly recruited into the imperial army and spirited away to Sanbreque on his mother's orders. He would not return to his homeland again for many a long year.

Death in the Defile

The Iron Kingdom's unholy crusade is on the march once more—this time into the arid wastes of Dhalmekia, where the republic musters its main host in the depths of the Nysa Defile. Alarmed by the size and ferocity of the Ironblood horde, the Dhalmeks call on the aid of their long-standing ally Waloed. As the two sides meet each other in bloody battle, a small group of imperial soldiers infiltrates the fray in pursuit of their own target.

Year of the Realm: 873

Following Clive

Infiltration of the Nysa Defile

Clive is dispatched to the Nysa Defile as a member of the Bastards, an elite imperial assassination squadron. Together with his Branded brothers-in-arms, he pursues the Ironblood army in order to to take the head of the Dominant of Shiva. However, all does not proceed as planned, and he is saved from certain death by a stranger named Cid.

Cloaks and Daggers

With Shiva lost and the Ironblood in disarray, Dhalmekia is no longer in need of Waloed's aid. Benedikta and her band of intelligencers do not immediately return to their homeland, however, but take a detour to Sanbreque, and the village of Lostwing—staying out of sight of the imperial legions all the while.

To Caer Norvent

Their work in Lostwing done, Benedikta and her intelligencers press on to Caer Norvent, where they overthrow and occupy the poorly guarded imperial outpost. There, they hold the Dominant's attendant captive, that they may capture him in turn.

Year of the Realm: 873

Following Clive

In Pursuit of the Dominant of Fire

Their ambitions aligning, Clive and Cid form a temporary alliance. After driving the last vestiges of the Waloeder force from Lostwing and freeing the imprisoned villagers, they follow Benedikta to Caer Norvent in pursuit of the Dominant of Fire.

Garuda's Rage

Cid and Clive best the Waloeder force occupying Caer Norvent, and a combination of Benedikta's winds and the Dominant of Fire's flames finish the rout, shaking the castle to its foundations. Cut down by Clive, Benedikta flees, only to be set upon by footpads on the road and losing what little grip remained of her powers.

Year of the Realm: 873

Following Clive

Escape from Caer Norvent

Clive defeats a semi-primed Benedikta in single combat and absorbs the aether of her Eikon. After he and Cid escape from the crumbling castle and send Gav on the trail of the Dominant of Fire, Clive hears a voice calling to him—addressing him by the name "Mythos"—and follows it into Garuda's vortex.

Battle of Belenus Tor

As battle rages atop Belenus Tor between the legions of Sanbreque and the royal knights of Waloed, Odin and Bahamut clash in the skies above them. Neither side is able to take the upper hand, leading to a bloody stalemate. With the Holy Capital in disarray and reinforcements not forthcoming, it falls to Prince Dion to break it.

Year of the Realm: 873

Following Clive

Return to the Hideaway

The whispering of a familiar voice compels Clive to prime into the second Eikon of Fire, Ifrit, and put an end to Garuda's frenzy. Cid carries the unconscious Clive back to the hideaway and claps him in irons, that he might be prevented from doing himself any further harm.

Salvation at the Kingsfall

Cid's rendezvous with Gav at the Kingsfall is forestalled by the presence of imperial soldiers in hot pursuit. It falls to Clive to save the harried scout from certain death—after which, he is only too willing to share what he knows of the Dominant of Fire who fled from Caer Norvent: that the man and his attendant make for the former duchy of Rosaria.

Year of the Realm: 873

Following Clive

Rendezvous with Gav

After learning that he is the Dominant of Fire who slew his brother, Clive longs only for oblivion. Yet Cid suggests another option—to go with him to the Kingsfall, that they might learn what Gav has discovered of the other man they believed to be a Dominant of Fire.

A Duchy Despoiled

Clive and Jill return to Rosaria to find that the lot of its Bearers has plunged since Anabella became vicereine. However, in the far northern reaches, they discover a vestige of the old duchy—the village of Eastpool, where Bearers who fled from Rosalith upon is sacking by the Ironblood remain to this day, their protectors unwilling to surrender them to the imperial constabulary.

Year of the Realm: 873

Following Clive

En route to Phoenix Gate

After bidding Cid farewell at Martha's Rest, Clive and Jill continue their journey, passing through the village of Eastpool along the way. A chance encounter with Hanna Murdoch, wife of Clive's mentor and Lord Commander, who never returned from Phoenix Gate, redoubles their resolve to journey to the ruins and uncover the truth of that fateful night.

The End of Eastpool

Acting on the orders of Empress Anabella, imperial soldiers sack Eastpool and put the villagers to the sword—all for the crime of harboring Bearers without the empire's consent. Meanwhile, in Dhalmekia, Hugo Kupka orders his men to hunt down Cid, the man he believes murdered his lost love.

Year of the Realm: 873

Following Clive

Allegiance with Cid Forged

Shaken by the slaughter at Eastpool, Clive returns to the hideaway with newfound resolve to clasp arms with Cid and see the persecution of Bearers ended.

Onward to Oriflamme

With ever more imperial land being lost to the Blight, the Holy Emperor and his council make plans to march on the Crystalline Dominion, in pursuit of greener pastures. But as they ready their legions, Cid, Clive, and Jill plot an invasion of their own—to infiltrate the Holy Capital of Oriflamme and redouble the empire's woes.

The Drake Decapitated

Drake's Head falls, plunging all of Oriflamme into panic and despair. From the ruins arises a rumor—that the cracking of the Mothercrystal was the work of Cid and his outlaw band.

Year of the Realm: 873

Following Clive

The Fall of Drake's Head

Clive destroys the heart of Drake's Head, but it comes at the cost of Cid's life—and very nearly their own, after they are set upon by a bizarre, otherworldly being, only to be saved at the last moment by Clive's younger brother Joshua, alive after all these years.

The Empire's New Dominion

With the realm still reeling from Cid's destruction of Drake's Head, Holy Emperor Sylvestre sees the Crystalline Dominion's neutrality treaty cast to the pyre. His forces quickly overwhelm Twinside's defenses, securing the city as well as the new capital of the Holy Empire.

Year of the Realm: 873–878

Following Clive

The Hideaway Rebuilt

Clive returns to the hideaway to find it in ruins—devastated by Hugo Kupka and his minions. He refuses to let Cid's dream die, however, and rallies the survivors behind him, eventually leading them to build a new home in the heart of Bennumere.

Cid the Second

Five years have passed since the fall of Drake's Head, and yet the legend of Cid the Outlaw lives on. Clive has adopted both his fallen friend's name and his cause, and now leads the rebuilt hideaway's efforts to liberate Bearers in Cid's stead.

Clouds over Storm

Sanbreque's conquest of the Crystalline Dominion is complete. But while the Dhalmekian army amasses near the Dominion's borders, their Dominant, Hugo Kupka, is rather more interested in tormenting his own nation's Bearers—all to ensnare Cid the Outlaw, the one he believes murdered his love.

Year of the Realm: 878

Following Clive

Takes Cid's Name

Five years have passed since Cid died, and Clive has taken over where his friend left off. He and Jill journey to Kostnice, a ramshackle refugee settlement in Dhalmekia, where local informer reports that Hugo Kupka's minions are holding a group of Bearers hostage.

The World at War

The Republic of Dhalmekia declares war on the Holy Empire of Sanbreque over its annexation of the Crystalline Dominion, and marches armies to the border. Yet with the Blight ever spreading, the empire is not willing to give up its new Mothercrystal and the blessed lands surrounding it without a fight.

Year of the Realm: 878

Following Clive

To Martha's Aid

Clive and Jill return to the hideaway, only to learn that another crisis is unfolding in Rosaria. Fighting has broken out at Martha's Rest, and in the confusion, Martha has disappeared. The two set out to the imperial province to investigate.

March of the Black Shields

Following Empress Anabella's orders, the Black Shields of Rosaria expand their persecution of Bearers in the imperial province. The first mass culling of Bearers and those deemed over sympathetic to their plight turns the streets of Rosalith red, before spreading to every corner of the old duchy.

Year of the Realm: 878

Following Clive

On to the Abbey

Clive tracks the imperial soldiers who attacked the Rest and took Martha captive to Glaidemond Abbey, where they discover the depths of cruelty to which this new order of Black Shields are willing to stoop.

The Siege of the Strait

The Dhalmeks' siege of the Crystalline Dominion reaches an impasse, with the republican and the imperial forces holding their ground on opposite sides of the strait. With all the eyes of the Twins fixed on the Dominion, the time is ripe for other actors to make their move.

Year of the Realm: 878

Following Clive

To Port Isolde

Clive and his outlaw allies plot to take advantage of the distraction provided by the war unfolding in the east by turning their own attentions west—for Drustanus and Drake's Breath. But first they will need to secure a ship from Clive's Uncle Byron in Port Isolde.

The Guardians of the Flame

Rosarians driven from their homes by the Blight or the Black Shields gather at the gates of Port Isolde seeking shelter and succor—but neither are forthcoming. Just a short walk away in the Lazarus district, however, Sir Wade and his band of Guardians make plans to to an end to the imperials' outrages.

Rosaria Rising

While the forces of Dhalmekia bare their fangs at the empire in the far eastern reaches of Storm, in the far west, the empire's enemies bare steel instead. With a little help from some old friends, the Guardians of the Flame rout the Black Shields' main host, putting an end to the cullings that had lately racked the province.

Year of the realm: 878

Following Clive

To Drustanus

Clive helps Sir Wade and his Guardians to break the Black Shield, and they return the favor by showing him the secret tunnels that lead to Port Isolde and the mansion of his Uncle Byron. After being convinced that Clive is who he claims, Byron lends his nephew a ship, that he and Jill might set sail for Drustanus.

The Drake's Last Breath

Drake's Breath crumbles, and with it, the Crystalline Orthodoxy. On the far side of the Storm, the Fist of the Republic still lays siege to the Dominion—little knowing that their hero Hugo Kupka has learned of his nemesis's true identity, and come to a secret agreement with Empress Anabella.

Year of the realm: 878

Following Clive

The Fall of Drake's Breath

Clive and Jill journey to Drustanus and gain access to the holy sanctuary with a little help from Jill's old friend Marleigh. There, they cut down both the Mothercrystal and Jill's former captor and tormentor, Patriarch Imreann, before making good their escape from the collapsing volcano.

Kupka Makes His Move

With Drake's Breath gone and the Ironblood in disarray, Sanbreque orders the withdrawal of their bulk of the western legions to the east, where they might better serve in relieving the harried imperial heartlands. However, Hugo Kupka takes this as his opportunity to invade, marching his men on Rosalith in order to draw Cid out.

Year of the realm: 878

Following Clive

To the Defense of Rosalith

On returning to the hideaway, Clive receives the news that Hugo Kupka and his minions have invaded Rosaria. Though he knows the invasion is naught but a trap designed to lure him out, he resolves to journey to Rosalith and put an end to the evil schemes of his long-standing foe once and for all.

The Sack of Rosalith

Kupka and his private guard, the Men of the Rock, capture Rosalith. Though Clive and his friends are able to put the Dhalmeks to the sword, Clive is unable to deal the finishing blow to the injured Dominant thanks to the unexpected intervention of a mysterious stranger, who spirits him away who knows where.

Year of the realm: 878

Following Clive

Battle with Hugo Kupka

Clive bests Kupka in the crypt beneath Rosalith Castle and absorbs the power of Titan from him. But before he can deal the finishing blow, the injured Dominant is spirited away by an unknown figure.

The Armistice

The Dhalmekian Republic petitions the Holy Empire of Sanbreque for an armistice, that their heretofore fruitless siege of Twinside might at last be ended. Emperor Sylvestre, however, means to press the advantage gifted to him by Prince Olivier's artfulness—or so he has been led to believe. To this end, he orders his first son, Prince Dion, to make a funeral pyre of the retreating Fist.

Year of the realm: 878

Following Clive

To Drake's Fang

Clive returns to the hideaway and tasks his hideaway allies with tracking down Kupka. With a little help from Uncle Byron, they deduce that the Waloeders spirited him overland across the Velkroy Desert to his home in the heart of Drake's Fang. Clive and Byron give chase.

The Dalimil Inn

The Waloeder knights who aided in Hugo Kupka's evacuation from Rosalith yet linger in the deserts of Dhalmekia—some stationed in the Dalimil Inn, near the end of the road Drake's Fang, with orders to forestall any who might mean the Dominant ill. Their efforts to hinder Clive's progress succeed only in proving that he and his uncle are on the right track—and with a little help from Ruzena Dalimil, they press on to Drake's Fang.

The Drake Defanged

The battle between Ifrit and Titan shakes the very earth top its foundations, and ends with the Dhalmekian Republic losing both its Mothercrystal and its Dominant, plunging the nation into turmoil. Meanwhile, in Sanbreque, Holy Emperor Sylvestre surrenders his throne to his second son, Olivier.

Year of the realm: 878

Following Clive

The Fall of Drake's Fang

After winning both L'ubor's trust and passage through the south gate of Dalimil, Clive and Byron press on to Drake's Fang. There, Clive makes his way past hordes of orcs and otherworldly beasts to Castle Dazbog, where a pitched battle with Titan ensues—one that ends with the destruction of the Mothercrystal's heart.

The Silence Across the Strait

With Drake's Fang gone and the Blight still spreading, what appeared to be a beginning of a thaw in tensions over the imperial occupation of Twinside threatens to boil over into open warfare once more. But as Sanbreque and Dhalmekia oil their swords, Waloed watches on in silence.

Year of the realm: 878

Following Clive

Return to the Hideaway

Clive returns home and shares the glad news that Kupka, the man who destroyed his allies' old home and murdered their friends, is no more. But where one dark cloud parts, others gather—the inscrutable actions of Waloed weighing heavily on Clive's mind.

To Boklad and Beyond

Only one Mothercrystal remains standing in Storm—Drake's Tail in the Crystalline Dominion—and with the truce between the gathered armies of Sanbreque and Dhalmekia yet straining, the only way that one without proof of one's allegiance to the Holy Throne might enter this most heavily guarded corner of the empire is by riding the trade caravan from Boklad markets.

Year of the realm: 878

Following Clive

Visit to Cid's Grave

Clive visits the ruins of Cid's hideaway to offer a prayer to his fallen friends, before he and Jill depart to destroy the last Mothercrystal in Storm. First, they make their way to the Boklad markets.

Olivier's Enthronement

Sylvestre, still de facto ruler of Sanbreque despite Olivier's enthronement, plots to seize upon Dhalmekia's weakness and bring all of Valisthea under the rule of the empire—much to the barely disguised displeasure of his first son, Prince Dion.

Year of the realm: 878

Following Clive

To the Crystalline Dominion

Clive and Jill decide upon their next target—Drake's Tail, the last Mothercrystal still standing in Storm. They make for the market town of Boklad, where Goetz's trading pass will secure them passage on the caravan to the Crystalline Dominion.

To the Crystalline Dominion

With Dhalmekia and Sanbreque still yet to conclude a peace treaty, only those in possession of a trader's pass approved by the republican authorities are permitted to cross the border from Boklad and enter the imperial lands that lie beyond. Not only does this result in a tightened guard at the checkpoint, but a thriving trade in stolen and counterfeited passes.

Prince Dion's Revolt

After Anabella reveals her role in convincing his father to pursue a policy of expansion that could lead to the deaths of countless innocents, Prince Dion sees no other option than to remove her and her son by force. He and his dragoons march on the Twinside Capitol to oust the treacherous Empress and the pretender Olivier, and restore his father to the throne.

Year of the realm: 878

Following Clive

Infiltration of Twinside

Eloise and Theodore of the Crimson Caravans aid Goetz in recovering his trader's pass, and he, Clive and Jill press on to Twinside. Their opportunity to attack the Mothercrystal comes earlier than expected when the dragoons take to the streets of the city in open rebellion against the imperial throne.

The End of Drake's Tail

In the course of Bahamut's rampage in the skies above the Crystalline Dominion, Drake's Tail is destroyed and much of the city state and one time Holy Capital reduced to rubble. Now, just a single Mothercrystal remains standing in Valisthea—Drake's Spine, far away in the wild wastes of Ash.

Year of the realm: 878

Following Clive

The Fall of Drake's Tail

Clive and Joshua are finally reunited in the Twinside Council Chambers—and their Eikons unite as one in the skies above it. The single, supremely powerful entity they become, Ifrit Risen, is at last able to best Bahamut—the Mothercrystal cracking in the process.

Dark Clouds Gather

A roiling storm sweeps over Valisthea, bringing terror and confusion in its wake. And so too Waloed—King Barnabas sailing his kingdom's flagship, the Einherjar, across the strait, seizing upon the chaos that has plagued Storm since the destruction of its Mothercrystals and the disintegration of its nations' leadership.

Year of the realm: 878

Following Clive

To His Allies' Aid

Clive returns to the hideaway but has little time to rest and recover from his exploits in Twinside. After the skies over Valisthea darkened, chaos has swept over much of the realm, and his allies need his aid.

Trouble in Kanver

The imbalance in the aether that accompanied the turning of the skies results in aetherfloods breaking out across Valisthea. Many towns and villages find themselves under attack from hordes of Akashic—not least the capital of the Free Cities of Kanver, where a veritable army of mindless knights has stormed the city gates.

Year of the realm: 878

Following Clive

To Tabor

Gav brings the shocking news that Kanver is under attack from an army of Akashic. Clive, Jill, and Joshua make for the Free Cities—a road that will lead them through the village to Tabor, where Joshua's attendant awaits.

Encounter with the Undying

In Dhalmekian village of Tabor, Clive meets with the Undying—a secret society sworn to serve the Phoenix, who have been aiding his brother and his researches into Ultima since the day of the disaster at Phoenix Gate.

Death in the Agora

As an army of Akashic knights rampage through the streets of Kanver, the city's Guildmasters, together with the Dhalmekian parliamentarians who had come to the Free Cities in search of succor, barricade themselves inside the Agora. They are visited there by King Barnabas of Waloed and his loyal servant Sleipnir, who put them all to the sword.

Year of the realm: 878

Following Clive

To Kanver

In Tabor, Clive meets with Joshua's attendant, Jote, and his chronicler, Cyril—both members of the Undying who are sworn to his service. After bidding them both farewell, Clive, Jill, and Joshua press on to Kanver.

Fall of the Free Cities

The banner of the Free Cities falls to the merciless march of Waloed's Akashic army. Unlike the other hordes of Akashic that have lately plagued the realm, this particular throng appears to obey the orders of King Barnabas and his servant Sleipnir—to devastating effect for the people of Kanver.

Year of the realm: 878

Following Clive

Bested by Barnabas

In Kanver, Clive goes to the Agora in search of survivors, but meets only Sleipnir Harbard, Lord Commander of the Waloeder armies, followed by his liege King Barnabas—an encounter in which he is gravely wounded and Jill taken prisoner.

Launch of the Enterprise

Mid completes construction of the Enterprise in the Kanver Ironworks—and just in time, for as she readies the ship for her maiden voyage, the secret cove comes under attack from Waloeder forces. They escape with seconds to spare, and set off in pursuit of the Einherjar, where Jill is held prisoner.

Battle of the Naldia Narrow

The Enterprise sights the Einherjar in the Naldia Narrow, and fierce battle ensues between their crews—Joshua keeping King Barnabas occupied while Clive cuts his way through the royal knights manning the Black Galleon.

Year of the realm: 878

Following Clive

To Jill's Rescue

Clive rescues Jill from the Einherjar's brig, only to encounter King Barnabas again on the floor of the Naldia Narrow. Once more, Clive is bested and forced to retreat to the Shadow Coast, where he and Jill await the Enterprise's rescue.

Waloed's Armies March

An army of orcs and Akashic knights marches west from Waloed—not to seize land or resources for the kingdom, but merely to murder any who resist their malefic majesty's plans for Valisthea.

Year of the realm: 878

Following Clive

To the Shadow Coast

The Enterprise sails Clive, Joshua, and Gav to the Shadow Coast on the western fringe of Ash, from where their long walk to Stonhyrr and the Drake's Spine will begin.

You Shall Not Pass

The once fair land of Waloed has become the stuff of nightmares—an unending march of orcs and Akashic marches toward Storm, leaving naught but blackness in its wake. While terror reigns in the hinterlands, Odin summons a ward that prevents all passage to the capital, Stonhyrr, where the last Mothercrystal still stands.

Year of the realm: 878

Following Clive

To Reverie

Clive and Gav discover a single survivor in what remains of Eistla—a woman by the name of Edda, who tells them of a tower to the east where her fellow villagers were drawn by a mysterious power after Ultima turned day to night. Clive follows, trusting that he will find Barnabas there.

The Fall of King Barnabas

As King Barnabas breathes his last, so too does his magical barrier shimmer and fade, leaving the road to Stonhyrr open once more. His death does not, however, stall the advance of his Akashic and orcish armies, who batter down the gates of the Dhalmekian capital of Ran'dellah.

Year of the realm: 878

Following Clive

Onward to Stonhyrr

Clive bests Barnabas absorbs from him the power of Odin. He returns to Eistla where he finds his brother waiting and the barrier that once blocked their path gone. While Gav accompanies Edda back to the hideaway, he and Joshua continue on to Stonhyrr.

The Cracking of the Spine

Drake's Spine falls, and at long last, the history of the Mothercrystals comes to a close. And yet, the world is far from saved—Stonhyrr's streets still crawl with maddened monsters, while an even greater evil emerges from deep beneath the ruins of Twinside.

Year of the realm: 878

Following Clive

The Fall of Drake's Spine

Clive and Joshua arrive at Stonhyrr, only to find the city crawling with Akashic. They make for the Mothercrystal, but are accosted by Ultima and transported away into his darkness. There, the brothers' bonds succeed in repelling Ultima once more, and together, they shatter Drake's Spine.

The Advent of Origin

The final Mothercrystal has fallen, but in its place arises something even more sinister—a bizarre, ancient relic that Ultima names "Origin" emerges from the ground beneath the Crystalline Dominion, and becomes swathed in black, standing vigil in the Valisthean skies like some malevolent new Mothercrystal.

Year of the realm: 878

Following Clive

The Final Battle

Clive and Joshua return to the hideaway, and share what they learned of Ultima's true ambitions with their allies. Together, they swear to fight him to the end, that a new world might be created—not Ultima's, but one where his creations can finally live on their own terms.

Musical themes

The theme for browsing the State of the Realm is the eponymous "The State of the Realm".